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Visa Hub

F-1 Visa: Everything You Need to Know

The F-1 student visa is the most common US student visa - and the most misunderstood. From your first application through OPT, STEM extension, and H-1B sponsorship, this hub covers every stage with verified, up-to-date information.

Last verified: March 2026 - cross-referenced with USCIS.gov and official university sources. Visa rules change - always confirm with your DSO.

Visa Guides

Start Here 18 min

F-1 Visa: Complete Guide

Everything from DS-160 to arriving on campus. Application timeline, required documents, interview prep, and what to expect at the port of entry.

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Post-Graduation 12 min

OPT: Work After Graduation

12-month post-completion OPT explained. When to apply, EAD card timeline, employer requirements, and what happens if your job ends.

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While Enrolled 10 min

CPT: Work During Your Degree

Curricular Practical Training for internships and co-ops while enrolled. Eligibility, full-time vs part-time rules, and the 12-month cap that matters.

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STEM Students 14 min

STEM OPT Extension: 24 More Months

How STEM degree holders extend OPT to 36 months total. I-983 training plan, employer E-Verify requirements, and reporting obligations.

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Key Numbers at a Glance

F-1 Duration
Duration of Status (D/S)
As long as enrolled full-time
OPT Window
12 months
Post-completion or pre-completion
STEM Extension
+24 months
Total 36 months for STEM degrees
CPT Cap
12 months full-time
Exceeding makes you OPT-ineligible
Grace Period
60 days
After program end date (OPT: 60 days)
Re-entry Limit
5 months abroad
Longer trips may require new visa

5 Mistakes That Can Jeopardize Your Status

1

Missing the OPT application window

USCIS recommends applying 90 days before your program end date. The EAD takes 3–5 months to arrive. Apply late and you lose work days.

2

Working before your EAD arrives

Even with an approved I-765, you cannot start work until you physically have the EAD card in hand and the start date has passed.

3

Exceeding 12 months full-time CPT

12+ months of full-time CPT makes you permanently ineligible for OPT - a rule almost no one mentions until it's too late.

4

Traveling with an expired visa

Your F-1 visa can expire while you're in the US - that's fine for staying. But if you leave and it's expired, you cannot re-enter until you get a new visa stamp at a US consulate.

5

Unauthorized on-campus work over 20 hours

On-campus work during the semester is capped at 20 hours/week. Full-time is allowed only during official school breaks.

Important: Immigration rules change. Always verify with your DSO and USCIS.gov before taking any action. This guide is informational only and does not constitute legal or immigration advice.

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