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Visa · OPT12 min read · Updated March 2026

OPT: Work in the US After Your F-1 Graduation

Optional Practical Training gives F-1 graduates 12 months to work in the US in their field. Apply too late and you lose work days. Misuse it and you lose your status. Here's everything you need to know.

Last verified: March 2026 - cross-referenced with USCIS.gov and official university sources. Visa rules change - always confirm with your DSO.
Important: Always work with your DSO on OPT applications. Errors are difficult to correct after filing. This guide is informational only and not legal advice.

OPT Application Timeline

1
90 days before graduation
Submit OPT application to your DSO
DSO creates I-20 with OPT recommendation
2
After DSO processes
File I-765 with USCIS
Include I-20, passport copy, I-94, photos
3
After filing
Receive USCIS receipt notice (I-797)
Confirms application received - not approval
4
3–5 months after filing
Receive EAD card
Do NOT start work before this date
5
EAD start date
Begin authorized employment
Must match your requested start date
6
Within 10 days of hiring
Update employer info in SEVIS
Via your DSO - required every time you change jobs

Rules You Must Know

!

90-Day Unemployment Limit

You may not be unemployed for more than 90 days total during your 12-month OPT period. Days accumulate - 30 days unemployed here, 20 days there, and suddenly you're close to the limit. Track carefully.

!

Employment Must Be Related to Your Degree

Your job must be directly related to your field of study. A computer science graduate working as a barista while job-hunting is a status violation. Part-time positions (at least 20 hrs/week) count as valid employment.

Multiple Employers and Self-Employment

You can work for multiple employers simultaneously, as long as each position is degree-related and you're employed at least 20 hrs/week in aggregate. Self-employment and contract work are allowed with conditions.

Reporting Requirements

Update your employer, job title, and address in SEVIS through your DSO within 10 days of any change. This includes starting a new job, changing employers, and becoming unemployed.

Travel During OPT

You can travel abroad during OPT. To re-enter: valid passport, valid F-1 visa, valid EAD, an offer letter or employment evidence, and your I-20. Re-enter before your OPT end date.

Have a STEM Degree? You May Get 24 More Months.

If your degree is classified as STEM and your employer is E-Verify enrolled, you can extend your OPT by 24 months - for a total of 36 months of work authorization.

STEM OPT Extension Guide

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